Among living things, the color blue is oddly rare. Blue rocks, blue sky, blue water, sure. But blue animals? They are few and far between. And the ones that do make blue? They make it in some very strange and special ways compared to other colors. In this video, we’ll look at some very cool butterflies to help us learn how living things make blue, and why this beautiful hue is so rare in nature.

SPECIAL THANKS:
Smithsonian Institution – National Museum of Natural History
Bob Robbins, Ph.D. – Curator of Lepidoptera
Juan Pablo Hurtado Padilla – Microscope Educator

Richard Prum, Ph.D. – Yale University
Vinothan Manoharan, Ph.D. – Harvard University

SOURCES:

Bagnara, J. T., Fernandez, P. J., & Fujii, R. (2007). On the blue coloration of vertebrates. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, 20(1), 14-26.

Cuthill, I. C., Allen, W. L., Arbuckle, K., Caspers, B., Chaplin, G., Hauber, M. E., … & Mappes, J. (2017). The biology of color. Science, 357(6350), eaan0221.

Kinoshita, S., Yoshioka, S., & Miyazaki, J. (2008). Physics of structural colors. Reports on Progress in Physics, 71(7), 076401.

Kinoshita, S. (2008). Structural colors in the realm of nature. World Scientific.

Prum, R. O., Quinn, T., & Torres, R. H. (2006). Anatomically diverse butterfly scales all produce structural colours by coherent scattering. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209(4), 748-765.

Vukusic, P., & Sambles, J. R. (2003). Photonic structures in biology. Nature, 424(6950), 852-855.

Vukusic, P., Sambles, J. R., Lawrence, C. R., & Wootton, R. J. (1999). Quantified interference and diffraction in single Morpho butterfly scales. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 266(1427), 1403-1411.

———–
FOLLOW US:

Merch: https://store.dftba.com/collections/its-okay-to-be-smart
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmart
Twitter:@DrJoeHanson @okaytobesmart
Tumblr: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Instagram: @DrJoeHanson

———–

It’s Okay To Be Smart is hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Director: Joe Nicolosi
Writer: Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
Producer/editor/animator: Jordan Husmann
Producer: Stephanie Noone and Amanda Fox

Produced by PBS Digital Studios
Music via APM

source

As tensions in Israel continue to grow, news about plans for a controversial megaproject that has been around for decades has resurfaced. Israel’s plans to build a new canal to rival the Suez Canal has come to light. Well, it just so happens that Gaza is in the middle of the proposed path for the major second canal in the region. Join us today as we uncover the staggering details of this megaproject and explore the motives behind its construction.

Related searches: megaprojects,mega projects,construction,mega construction,engineering,architecture,infrastructure,b1m,top luxury,tomorrows build,building,billion dollar builds,canal,man made canal,suez canal,ben gurion canal,ben gurion canal gaza,ben gurion canal project,israel,israel canal,israel canal project,ben gurion waterway,gaza,palestine

For more Mega Construction & Megaproject content be sure to subscribe to Billion Dollar Builds. Thanks for watching this video. #megaprojects #construction #engineering

0:00 Intro
1:06 Importance of Suez Canal
2:18 Origins of Israel’s Canal
3:22 Suez Canal Vs. Ben Gurion Canal
5:23 Construction of the Canal
7:17 How Israel will benefit

► For business related matters relating to our channel (including media & advertising) please contact: billiondollarbuilds@gmail.com

Please note, the videos published on this channel fall under the remits of Fair Use. For the purpose of educating viewers on topics of construction, engineering and architecture, our team produces well-researched, authentic and unique content, aligning with YouTube policies and guidelines.

► Copyright Disclaimer under Section 107 of the copyright act 1976, allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing.

For any copyright related matters, please contact: billiondollarbuilds@gmail.com

source